The 1977 film Telefon, in which Russian agents believe they are ordinary Americans until their memories are unlocked with a special activation phrase.
They are brainwashed, hypnotized, or otherwise conditioned to be unaware of their secret mission until activated. In fictional portrayals, sleeper agents are sometimes unaware that they are sleepers. The Russian General Directorate for special programs, or GUSP in Russian transliteration (Главное управление специальных программ, ГУСП), still recruits candidates among students and talented scientists in order to use them as sleeper agents or as legal employees in police and intelligence bodies in Russia. An ongoing, multi-year investigation culminated in June 2010 with the filing of charges and the arrest of 10 suspects in the US and another in Cyprus. The Illegals Program is a network of sleeper spies planted in the US by the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service.Barsky quickly confessed after being arrested and became a useful source of information about spy techniques. He was located by US authorities in 1994 and then arrested in 1997. He was an active sleeper agent between 19. Jack Barsky was planted as a sleeper agent in the United States by the Soviet KGB.If the sponsor government and its policies change after the sleeper has been inserted, the sleeper may be found to have been planted in the wrong target. That is valuable to the sponsor as the sleeper's language and other skills can be those of a native and thus less likely to trigger domestic suspicion.Ĭhoosing and inserting sleeper agents has often been difficult, as it is uncertain that the target will be appropriate some years in the future. Sleeper agents who have been discovered have often been natives of the target country who moved elsewhere in early life and were co-opted (perhaps for ideological or ethnic reasons) before returning to the target country. In such cases, it is possible for the sleeper agent to be successful enough to become what is sometimes termed an " agent of influence". In a sense, the best sleeper agents are those who do not need to be paid by the sponsor, as they are able to earn enough money to finance themselves, averting any possibly traceable payments from abroad. Counter-espionage agencies in the target country cannot, in practice, closely watch all those who may possibly have been recruited some time before. The agent acquires jobs and identities, ideally ones that will prove useful in the future, and attempts to blend into everyday life as a normal citizen. The agent does nothing to communicate with the sponsor or any existing agents or to obtain information beyond what is in public sources. In espionage, a sleeper agent is one who has infiltrated into the target country and has "gone to sleep", sometimes for many years.
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